A higher order function is a function that takes a function as a parameter or it returns a function. It allows us to write shorter and more beautiful code. Let‘s look at some examples.

fun <T> tryAndCatch(block: () -> T) = try {
    block()
} catch (e: Exception) {
    println(e.message)
}

This function will run code passed inside block variable inside try catch block and return result and also print exception in case it is thrown. What does it all mean?
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The main purpose of many classes is to hold data. But to effectively manipulative with data, we need to override quite a lot data. Class holding 3 String values would typically look something like this in Java:
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Unlike Java, Kotlin is purely object-oriented language. There are no primitives, everything is an object. With this said, you might be surprised by results.

Let’s compare two objects with equality operator:

object1 == object2

You expected to get false, right? But answer is true. Why? This code is translated to

a?.equals(b) ?: (b === null)

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Kotlin helps you make your code shorter and more readable in many areas. One of them is constructors. In Java you have to tediously assign all variables passed to the constructor in similar style

this.something = something 

If more constructors are required, you have to overload them and repeat yourself over and over. Like in the following example.
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